This document provides a detailed analysis of Public Act 104-0300 (PA104-300) which makes sweeping changes to the Illinois public defense system. The goal of PA104-300, referred to as the State Public Defender Act, is to provide a high-quality and effective public defense system in Illinois. The wide-ranging changes include the establishment of the Office of the State Public Defender as well as the State Public Defender Commission. PA 104-300 was signed by the Governor on August 15th, 2025, and takes effect on January 1, 2027 with one exception discussed later.